Believe it or not, electrons! Those wacky little fellows that we learned about several lessons ago are the key to magnetism.
. . . .
However, there are a few atoms, iron being the most famous, that are not in balance. Iron has four more electrons that spin in one direction than in the other. This excess of same spinning electrons creates a net directional movement and thus, a magnetic force!
. . . .
This is the difference between an iron nail and a magnet. The nail has iron atoms going all which ways, while the magnet has iron atoms that are fairly lined up. The more lined up the iron atoms are, the stronger the magnetic force.
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The entire lesson is at the link.
Written simplistically, but I think accurately enough.
Zim.
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