hi doma,
different countries have different constitutions. these weather the influence of social forces differently.
as to the us, different parts of the structure are more or less robust against external influence.
the central bank is not and never has been run according to the will of the people. it is run by economists, the chief of whom is nominated by the president and installed by confirmation. thereafter, the bank pursues a few predefined objectives (stable money, employment). to me, it appears to pursue those goals as an independent body. but of course maintaining key features of the economy involves hard choices and occasionally those choices are between bad and worse.
this is not an element of the us system that i would criticise from a structural perspective. but it isn't immune from error as economists make mistakes. but in the case of a hard discipline like economics or law, rather experts interpreting the runes than the popular will.
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